His Holiness the Dalai Lama

 

Birthday Song

His Holiness the Dalai Lama's 80th Birthday

2015

 

TIPA  dedicated this beautiful song to His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama on his 80th birthday

at tsulakhang, Dharamsala INDIA on June 21, 2015.

 

티베트 망명정부가 있는 인도 북부 다람살라의 추라캉 사원에는 달라이 라마의 생일을 축하하기 위해 티베트 망명인사들과 외국 고위 인사 등 8000여명이 모였다고 AFP통신이 체링 왕추크 망명정부 대변인을 인용해 보도했다.

 

Long live H.H. the 14th Dalai Lama. !

The 14th Dalai Lama at 80

 

 

티베트의 문장

달라이 라마 (티베트어: ཏ་ཱལའི་བླ་མ་ , 達賴, Dalai Lama)

 

달라이 라마 는 티베트 불교인, 라마교의 영적 지도자 를 일컫는다.

 

1578년에 최초로 라마교 지도자에게 부여된 이 명칭은 '지혜가 넓은 바다와 같고 큰 덕을 소유한 위대한 스승'-- "바다와 같은 지혜를 가진 스승" 이란 뜻이다. 지금까지 이 명칭이 부여된 것은 열세 번이다. 현재는 14대 달라이 라마.

 

제1대 달라이 라마는 타시륀포 사원의 창립자이자 사원장인 게뒨둡파였다. 그의 후계자들은 게뒨둡파가 환생한 존재로 여겨졌고, 관세음보살의 화신으로 생각했다.

 

추종자들은 달라이 라마가 지속적으로 다시 태어난다는 환생을 믿고 있다. 수도승들은 달라이 라마가 사망한 시점 즈음해 태어난 어린 소년을 찾아 나선다. 그리고 소년을 '새로운' 달라이 라마로 확정하기 전에 환생의 연속선상의 인물임을 드러내는 여러 징후들을 찾아낸 후, 지도자의 역할에 부합하도록 교육과 훈련을 시킨다.

 

제13대 달라이 라마인 둡텐걈초는 1912년 중국에서 반청 혁명이 성공하자, 분열된 중국 군대를 몰아내고 주권 국가의 통치자로 다시 군림하게 되었다.

 

His Holiness the Dalai Lama in 1939.

Supreme Ruler of Tibet.

제14대 달라이 라마인 텐진걈초(Bstan-'dzin-rgya-mtsho)는

1935년에 Tibet (티베트) Taktser( སྟག་འཚེར།; ZYPY: Dagcêr meaning 'Place on the Heights' 또는 현 중국의 칭하이 성 Hongya Village (Chinese: 红崖村; pinyin: Hóngyá Cūn; lit.: 'Redcliff Village')에서 티베트인 부모 밑에서 태어났다.

 

1937년(2세) ,제13대 달라이 라마 둡텐걈초의 환생으로 인증되었다.

1939년(4세), 제14대 달라이 라마로 the town of Bumchen에서 공식 선언되었다.

1940년(5세), 2월22일 제14대 달라이 라마 즉위식 거행.

 

1950년(15세),11월 17일 티베트 자치구에 대한 정치적 전권행사(중공군에게 점령된 후 * 1950년 여름, 중공은 무력으로 창두(昌都)를 점령)

1959년(24세),3월 ; 1950년부터 반중 저항, 1959년 티베트 의거가 실패하자 인도 다람살라로 망명 ,망명정부 세움.

1963년 티베트 헌법기초. 망명정부 지도자.

 

 

제14대 달라이 라마, 텐진걈초는 1940년에 티베트의 통치자인 달라이 라마가 되었지만, 티베트 국민들이 1950년부터 중국 공산군에 대항하여 반란을 일으켰다가 실패하자 1959년에 인도로 망명했다.

 

1959년 3월 티베트에서 반(反)중국 반란이 일어나 총 12만여 명에 달하는 티베트인들이 학살되고, 중국군에 의해 6,000여 개의 불교사원이 파괴되자 국제적 지원과 티베트 독립운동을 지속하기 위해 인도로 망명하였다. 이어 인도 동북부의 히말라야산맥 기슭인 다람살라에서 티베트 망명정부를 세우고,

 

1963년 티베트 헌법을 기초하는 한편, 40여 년 간 학교·수공예공장·예술학교 등을 설립해 티베트 문화의 정체성을 지키는 데 주력하였고 특히 비폭력 노선을 견지하면서 지속적으로 티베트의 독립운동을 전개해, 결국 1959·1961·1965년에 걸쳐 유엔 총회에서 중국 정부를 상대로 티베트의 인권과 자치권을 존중하라는 결의안을 채택하도록 하였고, 티베트의 무장 게릴라 조직인 캄바의 대(對) 중국 무력투쟁 노선을 반대해 이를 해산하는 등 세계평화를 위한 비폭력주의를 고수하였다.

 

현재의 14대 달라이 라마, 텐진 갸초는 중국으로부터 티베트의 자유화를 비폭력적으로 이끈 공로로 1989년 노벨 평화상을 수상하였고 루스벨트 자유상(1994), 세계안보평화상(1994), 마하트마 간디 국제 화해와 평화의 상(2012) 등을 받았다.

 

The Dalai Lama

 

The 14th Dalai Lama (religious name: Tenzin Gyatso, shortened from Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso; born Lhamo Dhondup, 6 July 1935)..

 

At the age of two, he was identified in 1937 as the reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso, and would lead the spiritual path of the Buddhists in future.

The 14th Dalai Lama is the current Dalai Lama monks of the Gelug school, the newest school of Tibetan Buddhism, which was formally headed by the Ganden Tripas 5th Dalai Lama to 1959, the central government of Tibet, the Ganden Phodrang.

 

The 14th Dalai Lama was born to a family of farmers. in Taktser, Amdor, Tibet on 6 July 1935. He was selected as the tulku of the 13th Dalai Lama in 1937 and formally recognized as the 14th Dalai Lama in a public declaration near the town of Bumchen in 1939.

On 26 January 1940, the Regent Reting Rinpoche requested the Central Government to exempt Tenzin Gyatso from the lot-drawing process of the Golden Urn to become the 14th Dalai Lama. The request was approved by the Central Government. His enthronement ceremony as His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama was held in Lhasa on 22 February 1940 and he eventually assumed full temporal (political) duties on 17 November 1950, at the age of 15, after the People's Republic of China's occupation of Tibet. The Gelug school's government administered an area roughly corresponding to the Tibet Autonomous Region.

 

During the 1959 Tibetan uprising, the Dalai Lama fled to India, where he currently lives as a refugee environment, economics, women's rights, nonviolence, interfaith dialogue, physics, astronomy, Buddhism and science, cognitive neuroscience, reproductive health and sexuality, along with various topics of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhist teachings. A recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989 and the US Congressional Gold Medal in 2006, Time magazine named him one of the "Children of Mahatma Gandhi" and Gandhi's spiritual heir to nonviolence.

 

 

The Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts (TIPA) was founded by Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama on reaching McLeod Ganj, Himachal Pradesh, India in exile from Tibet in August 1959. It was then called Tibetan Music, Dance and Drama Society, which was one of the first institutes set up by the Dalai Lama, and was established to preserve Tibetan artistic heritage, especially opera, dance, and music.

 

Lhamo Thondup was born on 6 July 1935 to a farming and horse trading family in the small hamlet of Taktser, or Chija Tagtser (Chinese: 红崖村; pinyin: Hóngyá Cūn; lit.: 'Redcliff Village'), at the edge of the traditional Tibetan region of Amdo in Qinghai Province. His family was of Monguor extraction. He was one of seven siblings to survive childhood. The eldest was his sister Tsering Dolma, eighteen years his senior. His eldest brother, Thupten Jigme Norbu, had been recognised at the age of eight as the reincarnation of the high Lama Taktser Rinpoche. His sister, Jetsun Pema, spent most of her adult life on the Tibetan Children's Villages project. The Dalai Lama has said that his first language was "a broken Xining language which was (a dialect of) the Chinese language", a form of Central Plains Mandarin, and his family did not speak the Tibetan language.

 

The Dalai Lama as a child

 

Following reported signs and visions, three search teams were sent out to the north-east, the east, and the south-east to locate the new incarnation when the boy who was to become the 14th Dalai Lama was about two years old.

 

Sir Basil Gould, British delegate to Lhasa in 1936, related his account of the north-eastern team to Sir Charles Alfred Bell, former British resident in Lhasa and friend of the 13th Dalai Lama. Amongst other omens, the head of the embalmed body of the thirteenth Dalai Lama, at first facing south-east, had turned to face the north-east, indicating, it was interpreted, the direction in which his successor would be found. The Regent, Reting Rinpoche, shortly afterwards had a vision at the sacred lake of Lhamo La-tso which he interpreted as Amdo being the region to search. This vision was also interpreted to refer to a large monastery with a gilded roof and turquoise tiles, and a twisting path from it to a hill to the east, opposite which stood a small house with distinctive eaves. The team, led by Kewtsang Rinpoche, went first to meet the Panchen Lama, who had been stuck in Jyekundo, in northern Kham.

 

The Panchen Lama had been investigating births of unusual children in the area ever since the death of the 13th Dalai Lama.  He gave Kewtsang the names of three boys whom he had discovered and identified as candidates. Within a year the Panchen Lama had died. Two of his three candidates were crossed off the list but the third, a "fearless" child, the most promising, was from Taktser village, which, as in the vision, was on a hill, at the end of a trail leading to Taktser from the great Kumbum Monastery with its gilded, turquoise roof. There they found a house, as interpreted from the vision—the house where Lhamo Dhondup lived.

 

The 14th Dalai Lama claims that at the time, the village of Taktser stood right on the "real border" between the region of Amdo and China.  When the team visited, posing as pilgrims, its leader, a Sera Lama, pretended to be the servant and sat separately in the kitchen. He held an old mala that had belonged to the 13th Dalai Lama, and the boy Lhamo Dhondup, aged two, approached and asked for it. The monk said "if you know who I am, you can have it."  The child said "Sera Lama, Sera Lama" and spoke with him in a Lhasa accent, in a dialect the boy's mother could not understand. The next time the party returned to the house, they revealed their real purpose and asked permission to subject the boy to certain tests. One test consisted of showing him various pairs of objects, one of which had belonged to the 13th Dalai Lama and one which had not. In every case, he chose the Dalai Lama's own objects and rejected the others.

House where the 14th Dalai Lama was born in Taktser, Amdo

 

From 1936 the Hui 'Ma Clique' Muslim warlord Ma Bufang ruled Qinghai as its governor under the nominal authority of the Republic of China central government. According to an interview with the 14th Dalai Lama, in the 1930s, Ma Bufang had seized this north-east corner of Amdo in the name of Chiang Kai-shek's weak government and incorporated it into the Chinese province of Qinghai.  Before going to Taktser, Kewtsang had gone to Ma Bufang to pay his respects.  When Ma Bufang heard a candidate had been found in Taktser, he had the family brought to him in Xining.  He first demanded proof that the boy was the Dalai Lama, but the Lhasa government, though informed by Kewtsang that this was the one, told Kewtsang to say he had to go to Lhasa for further tests with other candidates. They knew that if he was declared to be the Dalai Lama, the Chinese government would insist on sending a large army escort with him, which would then stay in Lhasa and refuse to budge. Ma Bufang, together with Kumbum Monastery, then refused to allow him to depart unless he was declared to be the Dalai Lama, but withdrew this demand in return for 100,000 Chinese dollars ransom in silver to be shared amongst them, to let them go to Lhasa.  Kewtsang managed to raise this, but the family was only allowed to move from Xining to Kumbum when a further demand was made for another 330,000 dollars ransom: one hundred thousand each for government officials, the commander-in-chief, and the Kumbum Monastery; twenty thousand for the escort; and only ten thousand for Ma Bufang himself, he said.

 

Two years of diplomatic wrangling followed before it was accepted by Lhasa that the ransom had to be paid to avoid the Chinese getting involved and escorting him to Lhasa with a large army.  Meanwhile, the boy was kept at Kumbum where two of his brothers were already studying as monks and recognised incarnate lamas. The payment of 300,000 silver dollars was then advanced by Muslim traders en route to Mecca in a large caravan via Lhasa. They paid Ma Bufang on behalf of the Tibetan government against promissory notes to be redeemed, with interest, in Lhasa.  The 20,000-dollar fee for an escort was dropped, since the Muslim merchants invited them to join their caravan for protection; Ma Bufang sent 20 of his soldiers with them and was paid from both sides since the Chinese government granted him another 50,000 dollars for the expenses of the journey. Furthermore, the Indian government helped the Tibetans raise the ransom funds by affording them import concessions.

 

Released from Kumbum, on 21 July 1939 the party travelled across Tibet in an epic journey to Lhasa in the large Muslim caravan with Lhamo Thondup, now 4 years old, riding with his brother Lobsang in a special palanquin carried by two mules, two years after being discovered. As soon as they were out of Ma Bufang's area, he was officially declared to be the 14th Dalai Lama by the Central Government of Tibet, and after ten weeks of travel he arrived in Lhasa on 8 October 1939. The ordination (pabbajja) and giving of the monastic name of Tenzin Gyatso were handled by Reting Rinpoche. There was very limited Chinese involvement at this time.

 

Tibetan Buddhists normally refer to him as Yishin Norbu (Wish-Fulfilling Gem), Kyabgon (Saviour), or just Kundun (Presence). His devotees, as well as much of the Western world, often call him His Holiness the Dalai Lama, the style employed on the Dalai Lama's website. According to the Dalai Lama, he had a succession of tutors in Tibet including Reting Rinpoche, Tathag Rinpoche, Ling Rinpoche and lastly Trijang Rinpoche, who became junior tutor when he was nineteen.  At the age of 11 he met the Austrian mountaineer Heinrich Harrer, who became his videographer and tutor about the world outside Lhasa. The two remained friends until Harrer's death in 2006.

 

In 1959, at the age of 23, he took his final examination at Lhasa's Jokhang Temple during the annual Monlam or Prayer Festival.  He passed with honours and was awarded the Lharampa degree, the highest-level geshe degree, roughly equivalent to a doctorate in Buddhist philosophy.