Marguerite Higgins Hall- 1st woman to win a Pulitzer Prizes

Beautiful People

Marguerite Higgins Hall- 1st woman to win a Pulitzer Prizes

류지미 2023. 6. 17. 09:53

 

불꽃여자 '마거리트 히긴즈'(영화 장사리 메간폭스 실제인물)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yy9oGo3Akfc 

36,040 views Sep 26, 2019

 

메간 폭스가 연기한 ‘매기’의 모티프이자 종군기자계의 전설인 ‘마거릿 히긴스’

미모와 지성, 용기까지 겸비한 그녀는 여성이라는 성을 걷어내고 보더라도 전설적인 기자임이 틀림없습니다.

 

실제 그녀의 애칭이 장사리 영화와 같은 ‘매기’였다는 점도 재미있었고, 그녀를 조사하며 진정한 저널리스트란 무엇인가를 생각해보기도 했네요.

 

그럼 오늘도 영상 즐겁게 시청하시고, 행복한 하루 되시기 바랍니다^^

[참고문헌]

1. 「전쟁의 목격자」 by 앙투아네트 메이(‘생각의 힘’ 출판사)

2. 「War in Korea: The Report of a Woman Combat Correspondent」 (Kindle Edition) by Marguerite Higgins (E-Book)

 

National Women's History Alliance

Marguerite Higgins Hall was a war correspondent and journalist, who witnessed and reported on major activities related to the Second World War, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War. She witnessed the liberation of the Dachau Concentration Camp, reported on the Nuremberg War Trials, as well as the Soviet blockade of Berlin.

While trying to report on the war in Korea, Higgins was temporarily ordered out of the country by General Walton Walker, who thought women did not belong near the front lines. General Douglas MacArthur personally intervened, telegraming: "Ban on women correspondents in Korea has been lifted. Marguerite Higgins is held in highest professional esteem by everyone." In 1951 she became the first woman to win a Pultizer Prize in Foreign Correspondence for her reporting on Korea.

She died at the age of 45, after contracting leishmaniasis while on assignment in Vietnam.

 

Marguerite Higgins

 

Marguerite Higgins Hall [mὰːrgəríːt  híginz  hɔːl]

Marguerite Higgins Hall (September 3, 1920 – January 3, 1966) was an American reporter and war correspondent.

 

Higgins covered World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, and in the process advanced the cause of equal access for female war correspondents.  She had a long career with the New York Herald Tribune (1942–1963), and later, as a syndicated columnist for Newsday (1963–1965).

 

She was the first woman to win a Pulitzer Prize for Foreign Correspondence awarded in 1951 for her coverage of the Korean War.

 

 

1st woman to win a  Pulitzer Prizes  for her coverage of the Korean War.

 

Marguerite Higgins was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American war correspondent

Early life and education

Higgins was born on September 3, 1920, in Hong Kong, where her father, Lawrence Higgins, was working at a shipping company. Her father, an Irish-American, met his future wife and Higgins' mother, Marguerite de Godard Higgins (who was of French aristocratic descent) in WWI Paris. Shortly afterward, they moved to Hong Kong, where their daughter was born.

 

The family moved back to the United States three years later and settled in Oakland. Higgins' father lost his job during the 1929 stock market crash, which promoted anxiety for the family. In her autobiography, News is a Singular Thing, Higgins wrote that it was the worst day of her childhood:

"It was on that day that I began worrying about how I'd earn a living when I grew up. I was then eight years old. Like millions of others brought up in the thirties, I was haunted by the fear that there might be no place for me in our society."

 

Regardless, the family managed to get by. Higgins' father eventually got a job at a bank and her mother was able to get Higgins a scholarship to the Anna Head School in Berkeley, in exchange for taking a position as a French teacher.

 

University of California, Berkeley

Higgins started at the University of California, Berkeley, in the fall of 1937, where she was a member of the Gamma Phi Beta sorority and wrote for The Daily Californian, serving as an editor in 1940.

After graduating from Berkeley in 1941 with a B.A. in French, she headed to New York....

 

Columbia University

She walked into the New York Herald Tribune city office after arriving in New York in August 1941. She met with the city editor at the time, L.L. "Engel" Engelking, and showed him her clippings. While he didn't offer her a job at the time, he told her to come back in a month and maybe he'd have a position for her.  She decided to stay in New York and studied at Columbia.

In 1942, Higgins replaced her classmate as the campus correspondent for the Tribune, which led to a full-time reporting position.

 

Career

Europe: WWII

In 1947, she became the Chief of the Tribune's bureau in Berlin.

Korea

In 1950, Higgins was named chief of the Tribune's Tokyo bureau,  Shortly after her arrival in Japan, war broke out in Korea, she came to the country as one of the first reporters on the spot. On 28 June, Higgins and three of her colleagues witnessed the Hangang Bridge bombing, 

Hangang Bridge bombing - Wikipedia

While in Korea, the Tribune sent over Homer Bigart, to cover the war in Korea, and he told Higgins to go back to Tokyo. She refused and the Tribune allowed her to stay, which would lead to a competitive feud between the two that would result in both receiving the 1951 Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting.  They shared the honor with four other male war correspondents.

 

Covering World Affairs

As a result of her reporting from Korea, Higgins received the 1950 George Polk Memorial Award from the Overseas Press Club.

In 1955, she established and became chief of the Tribune's Moscow bureau and was the first American correspondent allowed back into the Soviet Union after Stalin's death.

Vietnam

In 1963, she joined Newsday and was assigned to cover Vietnam, where she "visited hundreds of villages", interviewed most of the major figures, and wrote a book entitled Our Vietnam Nightmare.

 

As a war correspondent with two decades under her belt, Higgins' anti-Communist sentiments were well established. 

Higgins was well aware of what her male peers were saying to her, but she refused to pay it any attention and continued to do her job.

 

 

Personal life

While at Berkeley, she met her first husband, Stanley Moore, a teaching assistant in the philosophy department. They were reportedly attracted to each other, but no relationship formed while in Berkeley. When Higgins moved to New York, she became reacquainted with Moore, who was then a philosophy professor at Harvard. They married In 1942. He was soon drafted into WWII, and their relationship fell apart, ending in a divorce finalized in 1947.

 

In 1952, she married William Evens Hall, a U.S. Air Force major general, whom she met while bureau chief in Berlin. They were married in Reno and settled down for a bit in Marin County.  Their first daughter, born in 1953, died five days after a premature birth. In 1958, she gave birth to a son, named Lawrence Higgins Hall and in 1959, a daughter, Linda Marguerite Hall.  By 1963, Hall had retired from the air-force and went to work for an electronics firm, with a weekly commute to New York, returning to their home in Washington, D.C., by Friday.

 

 

Death and legacy

When Higgins was six months old, she came down with malaria. A doctor told the family to take her to a mountain resort in present-day Vietnam to recover, which she did.  Decades later, Higgins returned from assignment in South Vietnam in November 1965, where Higgins contracted leishmaniasis, a disease that led to her death on January 3, 1966, aged 45, in Washington, D.C.  She is interred at Arlington National Cemetery with her husband.

 

Arlington National Cemetery

 

Honors

Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson honored war correspondents, including Higgins, at an event in Washington, on November 23, 1946.

On September 2, 2010, South Korea posthumously awarded Order of Diplomatic Service Merit (Korean: 수교훈장), one of its highest honors, to Marguerite Higgins. In a ceremony in the capital, her daughter and grandson accepted the Heunginjang, a national medal. The award cites Higgins' bravery in publicizing South Korea's struggle for survival in the early 1950s.

In 2016, South Korean Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs awarded Korean War's Heroine of May.

 

Books

• War In Korea: The Report Of A Woman Combat Correspondent. New York: Doubleday & Co. 1951.
• News is a Singular Thing, 1955
• Red Plush and Black Bread, 1955
• Cold War Correspondent (Nathan Hale's Hazardous Tales #11): A Korean War Tale, 2021
• Our Vietnam Nightmare: The story of U.S. involvement in the Vietnamese tragedy, with thoughts on a future policy. New York: Harper and Row. 1965. ISBN 978-0-06-011890-7.