부자나라 싱가포르의 이중성

 

Singapore (/ˈsɪŋ(ɡ)əpɔːr/), officially the Republic of Singapore,

is a sovereign island city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude (137 kilometres or 85 miles) north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Straits of Malacca to the west, the Riau Islands (Indonesia) to the south, and the South China Sea to the east. The country's territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet, the combined area of which has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It has the second greatest population density in the world. With a multicultural population and recognizing the need to respect cultural identities, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin Chinese, and Tamil. English is the lingua franca. Multiracialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies in education, housing, and politics.

 

Modern Singapore was founded in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffles as a trading post of the British Empire. In 1867, the colonies in Southeast Asia were reorganised and Singapore came under the direct control of Britain as part of the Straits Settlements. During the Second World War, Singapore was occupied by Japan in 1942, but returned to British control as a separate crown colony following Japan's surrender in 1945. Singapore gained self-governance in 1959 and in 1963 became part of the new federation of Malaysia, alongside Malaya, North Borneo, and Sarawak. Ideological differences led to Singapore being expelled from the federation two years later and it became an independent country.

 

After early years of turbulence and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland, the nation rapidly developed to become one of the Four Asian Tigers based on external trade, becoming a highly developed country; it is ranked ninth on the UN Human Development Index and has the second-highest GDP per capita (PPP) in the world.

 

Singapore is the only country in Asia with a AAA sovereign rating from all major rating agencies. It is a major financial and shipping hub, consistently ranked the most expensive city to live in since 2013, and has been identified as a tax haven. Singapore is placed highly in key social indicators: education, healthcare, quality of life, personal safety, and housing, with a home-ownership rate of 91%. Singaporeans enjoy one of the world's longest life expectancies, fastest Internet connection speeds and one of the lowest infant mortality rates in the world.

 

Singapore is a unitary parliamentary republic with a Westminster system of unicameral parliamentary government. While elections are considered generally free, the government exercises significant control over politics and society, and the People's Action Party has ruled continuously since independence. One of the five founding members of ASEAN, Singapore is also the headquarters of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Secretariat and Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) Secretariat, as well as many international conferences and events. Singapore is also a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, East Asia Summit, Non-Aligned Movement, and the Commonwealth of Nations.

 

Panoramic view of the Central Business District

 

[와이즈맨] 부자나라 싱가포르의 이중성  / YTN

271,629 views

Feb 17, 2021

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72vpqV1Lb4M

여러분은 지금 한국에서 싱가포르의 역사를 한국말로. 설명하는 독일인을 보고계십니다

 

싱가포르 하면 떠오르는 건?
뭐니 뭐니 해도 태형!
깨끗하고 안전하고 부자나라로만 알고 있던 싱가포르
근데 그 이면에는 독재가 있다고??

당신이 알고 있는 싱가포르는 새 발의피!
와이즈맨 다니엘이
진짜 싱가포르를 알려드립니다~!  ~와이즈맨~

 

 

Flag

Coat of arms

싱가포르

Singapore   싱가포르공화국, Republic of Singapore

 

정식 명칭은 싱가포르공화국(Republic of Singapore)으로, 영연방의 하나이다. 싱가포르 섬과 그 부속도서 및 크리스마스제도로 구성되어 있으며, 해안선의 길이는 820㎞이다.

 

면적은 647㎢, 인구는 567만 4472명(2015년 현재), 수도는 싱가포르(Singapore)이다.

 

종족구성은 중국계 76％, 말레이계 14％, 인도계 8％ 등이다. 언어는 헌법상 말레이어가 국어이지만,중국어, 영어, 타밀어(Tamil) 등도 사용되고 있다. 종교는 불교 53.3％, 이슬람교 15.3％, 기독교 12.7％, 힌두교 3.7％ 등이다.

 

부존자원이 없기 때문에 국제무역과 해외투자에 크게 의존하는 개방경제체제를 운용하고 있으며, 아시아에서 일본 다음가는 경제부국으로 성장하였다. 특히, 동남아시아지역의 금융중심지로 아시아달러시장이 개설되어 있어 경제성장에 중요한 구실을 하고 있다.

 

주롱((Jurong)에는 대공업지대가 건설되어 있으며, 주요 공업부문으로는 식품·고무·섬유·목재공업 등이 발달되어 있다.

 

다민족국가로서의 균형을 위하여 종교에 따라 서로 다른 사회관습을 유지하고 있으며, 대표적인 사회복지시책으로서 중앙복지연금제도를 설치하여 유사시에 대비한 일종의 강제저축제도를 실시하고 있다.

 

한편, 사회보장제도는 아직 도입되지 않았으나 1955년부터 봉급자의 노후보장, 지체불구로 인한 취업불능에 대비한 강제저축제도를 마련하여 운영하고 있으며, 정부측에서 주택정책을 강력히 추진하여 현재 싱가포르 국민의 70％ 이상이 공동주택에 거주하고 있다.

 

2015년 현재 국민총생산은 2927억 달러이며, 1인당 국민소득은 5만 2888달러이다.

이 나라의 정체는 내각책임제이며, 의회는 임기 5년의 단원제(직선 89석, 지명 9석, 무선거구 3석)이다. 주요 정당은 인민행동당(PAP), 노동당(WP), 민주당(SDP) 등이다.